二氧化碳模块有助于理解纳米材料的环境影响
“ Vaisala的探针是完全集成的，可以在我们的低压条件下运行。该单元的校准已经亮起，我们立即开始收集数据，使我们能够在受控环境中观察一些计划外的方差，并在研究进行之前对实验设计进行必要的调整。”本杰明·P·科尔曼（Benjamin P. Colman），博士，博士后，纳米技术的环境影响中心
纳米材料是大生意。预计基于纳米技术的全球商品市场预计将在2015年达到31万亿美元。从防晒霜的二氧化钛到碳质织物中使用的碳纳米管，在食品，化妆品，油漆，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织品，纺织货物蓬勃发展。随着纳米材料的研究和开发的增长，研究以了解其对人类健康和环境的影响。
纳米材料的环境影响
Understanding how nanomaterials behave and interact with the environment is the research focus of the纳米技术的环境影响中心（CEINT）based out of北卡罗来纳州达勒姆的杜克大学. CEINT is one of the few research facilities in the world directly testing the impacts of nanomaterials at the ecosystem level. To do this, they have constructed 30 four by twelve foot outdoor experimental wetland ecosystems – mesocosms.
CEINT将选定的纳米材料添加到中心中，以更好地了解纳米材料的运输，相互作用和对植物，鱼类，细菌和其他生物的影响。在生态系统层面的设计和进行研究需要时间，差异可能是微妙的。在此苛刻的应用中，监视仪器必须准确可靠。
纳米层在湿地的影响
One of the center’s main projects is studying the interaction and effects of silver nanomaterials – or nanosilver – on wetland biogeochemistry. Nanosilver is an antimicrobial used in many products including fabrics, wound dressings and supplements. One route by which it may be introduced to the environment is via wastewater effluent. Nanosilver has the potential for strong biological impacts since it can remain suspended in water and silver is known to be toxic to a wide range of organisms.
纳米层实验旨在检查低水平纳米层的纳米层后，检查15个湿地中cos的一系列潜在影响。生态系统如何表现的最重要，最敏感的指标之一是二氧化碳浓度。通过测量二氧化碳浓度，CEINT研究人员能够计算生态系统光合作用和呼吸。
网络和电压要求
该项目在实时数据收集和功率要求中具有一些独特的方面。将中心网络与互联网平台和数据库基础架构进行网络，以监视环境条件，并通过合作伙伴研究人员远程对数据流进行实时访问。VAISALA GMM222二氧化碳模块可以完全集成到数据收集网络，管理系统和实时数据流中。
The research team was aware of voltage drops in the facility’s electrical circuitry and looked for sensors that operated reliably in low-voltage conditions to avoid the additional time and expense of overhauling their electrical infrastructure. The GMM222* module is designed to operate at ranges of 11VDC- 18 VDC and 18-30 VDC. After testing, the CEINT staff confirmed the voltage variations, particularly voltage drops, did not affect the GMM222 module’s measurement accuracy.
直接的好处
After successful checks of calibration and voltage sensitivity, the GMM222 modules were installed and started collecting data immediately, allowing the researchers to observe some unexpected variations between the mesocosms well before the first nanosilver pulse into the water column. Further investigation revealed variations in crayfish activity between mesocosms that impacted the ecological balance and design of the mesocosms. Adjustments were made to the experiment design to mitigate these variations before research was underway.
*GMM222 is replaced by GMP252
| Challenge | Solution | 好处 |
|---|---|---|
准确且可靠的二氧化碳传感器，可用于监测实验湿地生态系统 |
GMM222低浓度的二氧化碳模块 |
Sensors transmitted observations immediately, allowing researchers to rapidly identify and mitigate unplanned variability before scheduled dosing with nanosilver |
传感器联网并与基于Web的数据收集，数据分布和管理系统集成 |
Accurate measurement in low CO2 concentrations and humid environments |
Continuous data collection and live data distribution for remote research partners |
传感器需要在低电压和可变电路中操作，这是由于电压下降和负载变化而导致的 |
Operating voltage to 11 volts |
避免了对电气基础设施进行大修的额外成本和劳动力，以最大程度地减少电压下降 |
Sensors can be fully integrated with data collection and controlled environment management systems |
