案件

检测油中的水分

Engineer or electrician checking status step up transformer high voltage at transformer yard
维多利亚
澳大利亚
发布: 2017年11月10日
发电和传输

动力尺寸澳大利亚is Victoria’s largest electricity distributor. Powercor has been running a program of on-line moisture monitoring on transformers using both permanently installed and portable moisture in oil probes, including the Vaisala HUMICAP® Moisture Meter MM70. Poor oil quality can lead to low dielectric strength and even failure. Oil treatment or replacement can address most oil quality issues but in the case of moisture which is held in the paper insulation of the windings and windings support structures, the moisture quickly recovers. Moisture monitoring provides a way of tracking this recovery, and on-line drying provides a way of managing the moisture in oil so that the oil dielectric margin is maintained.

油测量中的水分

水分探针测量了两次:

  1. AW-水活动,“活性”溶解的水分的相对饱和,分数为0到1。
  2. T-摄入摄氏度的油温度。

探针还具有可选的内置算法,该算法在PPM中提供了输出。新的石油公式是工厂默认设置,如果知道的话,可以对其他机油默认配方进行编程。通常,来自探针的PPM值低于Karl Fischer(KF)测试的PPM值,以确定油样的水含量。这可能是由于卡尔·费舍尔(Karl Fisher)测试捕获的文章中的水约束。Karl Fisher水分相对饱和结果在下面定义为“ RS”。这里提到的所有变压器均为66/22kV核心形式。

Moisture monitoring with permanent probes

十二个电动变压器已装有永久探针。每个都为监督控制和数据采集(SCADA)系统,PPM和温度提供了两个模拟输出。选择进行监控的变压器是具有已知石油质量问题的变压器,通常是相当古老的,在某些情况下大量负载。近来,大多数人受到石油再生或替代的约束。变压器已脱离散热器库的探针的首选位置是从散热器到主罐的返回油线的下水道。这将探针从变压器的热度刺激的油流中。在没有隔离的散热器库的地方,由于相似的原因,所选位置是下部散热器排水阀之一。探针具有滑动类型的密封,这意味着它们可以非常简单地通过排水阀安装,而无需中断。

图1:水分变化,10 mva onan变压器。10 MVA ONAN变压器中的图1证明了负载增加和炎热的一天的影响。注意水分如何以60 ppm的峰值达到峰值,并且几天未恢复。油采样的最后一个KF水分水平为30 ppm。该单元炎热的天气中持续的高负荷可能导致水分过多,因此介电距离较低。在线监控表明,该单元是脱水的良好候选者。

图1:水分变化,10 mva onan变压器。

图2:水分比较示例(SCADA) - 比例为ppm。永久性SCADA连接可以在共享相同负载和条件的姊妹单元之间进行比较。大约五年前,显示出最低水分水平的变压器会被烤箱干燥。

图2:moisture comparison  example (SCADA) - Scale is in ppm.

图3:moisture recovery following new oil retrofill. Scale is in ppm/deg C. In figure 3, a 20 MVA ONAF transformer, oil volume 17000 liters, oil change was completed on October 28th, 2005 and the contractor sampled the oil at 11 ppm (KF). Within a few days the probe data
发现水分水平已恢复,范围为16至37 ppm。

图3:新的石油翻新后的水分回收。比例尺为ppm/gEg。

便携式探针

便携式探针也已可用,PowerCor从Vaisala获得了其中的三个。到目前为止,它们已用于20个变压器。这些探针具有电池电源和足够的内存,可以在每小时读取间隔内存储数据约30天,这是关于电池寿命的。再次,所选择的位置通常是散热器排水阀,以确保油流过探针。这些便携式探针允许灵活性,因为可以监视大量站点。可以安装探针并编程以在几分钟内记录数据。需要对网站进行返回访问以下载数据,清除下一个记录周期的内存,并在需要时为电池充电。

图4:水分低-66KV调节器。在图4中,油样样品显示出意外的高水分和低介电性,kF为43 ppm @ 22 c(rs = 0.7)介电= 36 kV。这是出乎意料的,因为该装置在最近的过去被干燥了。快速安装了便携式探针,数据显示出低的水分水平。第二个油样品证实了这一点-kf为9 ppm @ 15c(rs = 0.2)介电= 82 kV。最初的油样可能被污染。

图4:水分低-66KV调节器。


Figure 5: dramatic reduction in moisture.

Figure 5: dramatic  reduction in moisture.

图5来自10/18 MVA ONAF变压器。水分的减少与在该站点的新变换ER的调试相吻合,从而大大减少了该单元的负载。总而言之,便携式探针提供了一种非常方便且具有成本效益的手段,以监视在适当位置具有阀门的任何变压器。

没有此类配件的变压器也可以在主罐排水管或采样阀中配备探针。但是,如果没有探测器上的油流,则结果可能是不准确的或不代表一般油质量的。用分子筛单元干燥的电源电源有两个分子筛网干燥机。这些单元是手推车安装的,并通过简单地通过装有分子筛料材料的过滤器弹药囊泡去除水分。

They are fitted with a single moisture probe, which can monitor either incoming or outgoing oil. This is determined by the position of a bypass valve. When the outlet oil moisture equals (or exceeds) the inlet oil moisture, the filter cartridges may have reached saturation, indicating that they should be replaced. Each cartridge can theoretically hold one liter of water and there are four cartridges per dryer. The cartridges are quite expensive and at present there are no recycling options available. These units are designed to take inlet oil from the main tank at the bottom , and return oil to the conservator.

该设计具有避免任何布赫霍尔兹继电器(突然的压力继电器)问题的优势。它的缺点是将新干油暴露于保护者头部空间。在PowerCor的情况下,此头部空间开放于气氛。迄今为止,这些干燥机已在九个变压器上使用,结果摘要。

表1:某些变压器的分子筛干结果

Table 1: molecular sieve dryer  results of some transformers

请注意:油参数来自油样品(即KF和介电击穿测试),除了“ S3”和“ L2”后来的油参数,该油参数来自探针。估计的去除水分是基于墨盒替换的数量以及干衣机入口和出口的水分读数。尽管过滤器墨盒的额定能力为一升,但人们认为,随着水分含量的减少,它们会停止在不到的水分中去除水分。为了证明这一点,编制了称重的罐子,并在新的时候将墨盒重新浸入石油中,并在“饱满”时再次称重。最终的平均体重增加为641克,表明水分含量为0.641升。据估计,每个滤清器组以10-20 ppm的水分水平去除2.6升的水分。还发现,在过滤器夹紧布置中添加了额外的密封洗衣机,干衣机的性能显着提高。干燥机不会连续运行,而是被关闭,以使水分水平恢复。确定何时停止过滤的一般经验法则是水分水平在小于20ppm或0.2 AW时保持一致。Vaisala监测探针已证明在评估这一问题方面很有价值。

图6:monitoring dry out. Figure 6 shows data from a permanent probe on the “L2” transformer during dry out over a 10 month period. Note the moisture reduction from the dryer, followed by moisture recovery as a new equilibrium between the moisture in cellulose and moisture in oil is reached. Note also that as the moisture levels reduced, the degree of variation in moisture over each daily load cycle also reduced.

图6:monitoring dry out. Figure 7: typical filtering data.


纸箱干衣机

PowerCor最近购买了另一个具有纸滤波器的在线干衣机。该单元通过通过滤纸卷轴向泵送油来清除水分。只要纸比油干燥,水分就会从油迁移到纸张。该设备具有相当复杂的可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)控制的系统,该系统可以在每个过滤器周期后重新启用纸滤波器。该设备在进气油和出口油上装有水分探针,并具有数据记录和远程监控设施。干衣机安装有水分陷阱,因此可以收集实际的水分。

This unit has the advantage of a lot longer filter life than the molecular sieve units. The dryer is connected with inlet oil taken from the main tank bottom drain valve and outlet oil delivered to th e top oil drain valve. Dry outs have been carried out on three transformers so far and a fourth one is in progress. Table 2: results from dryer which has a paper filter.

结果

请注意:油参数来自油样品(即KF和电介质分解测试)。由于这些干燥是最近的,因此尚未进行后续油监测。预计水分水平会恢复。干衣机还具有以“分析”模式运行的设施,从而绕过过滤器,并通过其中一种水分探针循环和监测油。这提供了监测以及干燥能力。Figure 7: typical filtering data。请注意:左轴(AW)比例为0至0.250;右轴(入口油温度)刻度为0至45度。此示例显示了特征性的锯齿状图案,因为过滤器充满水分并被重新干燥。注意入口油分水分的稳定减少。此示例中的过滤时间比必要的时间更长(12小时),因为出口水分超出了入口水分。

需要持续的努力

On-line moisture monitoring can provide a valuable condition monitoring tool for transformers which have moisture issues, and also for revealing transformers which may have moisture issues perhaps undetected by routine oil sampling. A common observation i s that a single heavy overload-over temperature event can rapidly increase moisture in oil levels as moisture is driven from the cellulose and, significantly, the return of moisture to earlier levels may take quite a long period of time. However, monitoring alone will not fix anything. It is the action taken arising from monitoring which can deliver condition improvement. On-line drying usually delivers a rapid improvement in oil quality, but this improvement may not be permanent. Subsequent monitoring is prudent and will often result in another drying cycle being made. Effective on-line drying requires a sustained effort which may be required for many months.

该文章首次发表在Vaisala News 175/2007(Colin Feely Plant维护工程师PowerCor Ltd,澳大利亚墨尔本)。

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