博客

复杂实验室的复杂世界

复合药房监测系统
生命科学

美国药剂师协会(APHA)定义复合作为“通过有执照的药剂师创建药物制剂(一种药物),以满足单个患者(人类或动物)的独特需求,而商业上可用的药物不满足这些需求。”复合药物允许医生自定义剂量,递送方法和成分,尤其是满足患者的需求。例如,如果仅在平板电脑中获得市售药物,则复合药房可以为可能难以吞咽的患者创建液体形式。

在美国,药房由全国药房董事会协会(NABP)该公司成立于1904年,旨在通过创建教育和许可标准来协助州委员会。这些组织的成员资格包括美国50个州药房委员会以及哥伦比亚特区,关岛,波多黎各,维尔京群岛,10个加拿大省和巴哈马的董事会。在美国,每个州药房委员会都有自己的标准,因此,如果通过州线运输复合药物,则复合药房必须确保达到目的地状态内的标准。

美国药物公约(USP)发布了治理药物,饮食补充剂和食品的标准。USP药物的质量标准在“通知”和“一般章节”中发布。但是,USP在执法中没有作用,该执行是由FDA和其他政府当局和认可机构提供的。复合药房的三个关键标准包括:

但是,某些复合药物未获得FDA批准,这意味着FDA不能验证最终产品的安全性,功效或质量。这是因为通常,复合药物不是大量生产的,用于广泛的商业销售。

Changes in compounding regulations

2020年10月,FDA发布了一份备忘录,旨在解决与国家监管机构在州外分发的复合药物有关的州监管机构的投诉调查。截至2022年2月,FDA已暂停了2020年10月发布的标准谅解备忘录。

"During the rulemaking process, FDA will not enter into new agreements with states based on this standard MOU. FDA does not expect states that have signed the standard MOU to carry out the activities described in the MOU. In addition, the standard MOU will be updated based on the content of a final rule, and FDA intends to announce a new opportunity for all states to consider and sign the updated standard MOU."

See updates on FDA.gov: “理解解决复合药物的某些分布(MOU)的备忘录透明

FDA已经延长了该期限,然后才开始实施对复合人类药品分配到州立地点的分配的法定5%的限制。该机构将进一步延长他们将不执行法定5%限制的期限。目前,FDA鼓励药房,消费者和州监管机构“提交有关严重不良事件和与复合药品有关的严重产品质量问题的信息”。

复合药房的重要作用

It’s important to understand the reason for compounded drugs. As stated, the delivery method of the drug may be problematic for some patients. In addition, some drugs contain common allergens in the commercially available drug formulations. For instance, certain dyes which, while harmless for most people, are still common enough so that compounding pharmacies need to be able to create a version of the drug without that substance.

Compounding pharmacies in the US can be accredited by the Pharmacy Compounding Accreditation Board (PCAB). Pharmacies accredited by PCAB are regularly surveyed and submit documented proof that they meet PCAB quality standards, including:

• Chemicals must be obtained from trusted suppliers
• Pharmacists and technicians receive ongoing education
•设施设计符合净化的相关标准
•USP <795>,USP <797>和USP <800>标准已达到或超过
•认可的药房符合PCAB的“复合原则”

Compounding pharmacies must also adhere to standards of USP be able to prove adherence in a survey by an accreditor.

全国药房董事会协会(NABP)works collaboratively with the FDA and state pharmacy boards. Pharmacies seeking to ensure they reach the highest standards in compounding can voluntarily take part in the NABP’s Verified Pharmacy Program (VPP) inspection program, which aids in compliance with state pharmacy board requirements, verifies pharmacy data, assists with meeting licensing standards, and demonstrates compliance to current US Pharmacopeia standards for nonsterile and sterile compounding. Over the years, more US state pharmacy boards are requiring 3rd party inspections, as the program provided by the NABP. To maintain accreditation, a pharmacy has to initiate a survey of their operations every three years.

复合药房类型

复合是越来越复杂的合规性,标准和认证网络。通常,两种主要的化合物包括无菌和非菌株。无菌化合物用于注射,通过静脉注射或直接进入眼睛的药物。非细胞化合物通常包括口服剂量,例如药丸和液体或局部治疗。

近年来,FDA根据他们可以生产的产品和分配的数量进一步对药房进行了分类。复合药房现在分为两个领域:503A和503B。

简而言之,503A复合药房为特定患者使用处方。这些药房专注于生产的敏捷性和特异性,国家委员会要求遵守USP和其他准则。它们仅用于门诊时,仅在小批处理中复合,并且(理想情况下)可以控制生产成本,以确保患者可以使用复合药物。这些药房不充当大型制造商,也不需要遵守CGMP。

相比之下,503B复合药房是制造大量分发的药物外包设施。这种复合药房不必等待单患者的处方即可制造药物。他们专注于已知的不可商购的配方。由于503B药房的行为更像制造商和分销商,因此它们受FDA和州药房委员会的监管和检查。复合药物通常需要时间来创建,但已知是按需创建的,因此,通常会因医疗机构提供住院治疗设施而库存。为了控制这些复合药物的成本,503B药房可以分批生产和分配。

尽管FDA并未直接调节503A复合药房,但他们可以呼吁州药房或NABP检查,以收集数据,如果有任何关注的原因。

总体而言,不准确地说,复合药房不受联邦监管,因为:
1. State boards of pharmacy ensure all compounding pharmacies follow state regulations for pharmacy practice, which are aligned with USP standards.
2. FDA调节503B复合药房,以及在503A和503B药房中使用的所有活性药物成分。
3.药物执法局调节所有受控物质的处理和分布。

在美国,州议会制定了类似于环境监控和CGMP的数据完整性期望的法规。例如,对干净的套房中的关键参数(例如温度,湿度,差异,颗粒物)都受到监测和警觉。根据适当的认证水平维护干净的套房。生产细胞抑制药物,育儿和其他无菌产品的复合药房必须经营合格且经过验证的清洁室。

降低复合药房的风险

许多复合药房,包括503a和503b,都使用Vaisala ViewLinc监视系统记录,警告和报告其关键参数,例如温度,相对湿度和差异压力。过去,复合实验室可能使用基本的温度计。在调查下,这可能会带来有关温度数据中校准,到期日期,记录或差距的问题。

Many compounding labs now use systems like viewLinc to minimize risk and ensure their drugs are manufactured in controlled conditions, with recorded, inerasable data, and connected to 24/7 alarming for out of specification conditions. For instance, if a power outage occurs, pharmacies must ensure that expensive inventory is maintained under the correct conditions.

Vaisala映射系统can also be used to perform qualifications of rooms and chambers, such as refrigerators, freezers, and cold rooms.

Both the viewLinc monitoring and mapping systems use data loggers that record information at the point of measurement, as well as in the system’s server, so that data is never lost and cannot be changed. Easy access to these records, along with calibration data for the sensors, makes compliance and accreditation simple and efficient, with报告that can be customized, but not altered, either accidentally or deliberately.

了解Lonza的具有成本效益的洁净室

“这cleanroom cabinets是一个方便的解决方案...在此之前,我们正在建造自己的面板来监视洁净室。我们将购买压力发送器,电源等,并将其全部汇总。现在,Vaisala提供了整合我们需要的所有东西的机柜。这是降低人工成本的好方法。我们指定了我们的需求,Vaisala为我们建立了它。这减少了洁净室的整体建筑预算。洁净室的建筑必须高效;通常,我们在产品上竞争市场。因此,我们可以建立监视系统越快,越好。”

Full story

添加新评论